The Origins of Political Order

From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution

Francis Fukuyama

The book traces the development of political institutions from the earliest tribal organizations through the emergence of modern states, examining how societies have evolved to establish rule of law, accountable government, and centralized administration. It explores the influences of religion, warfare, and economic activity on political stability and the institutional foundations necessary for democracy to flourish up to the time of the French Revolution.

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Political Order and Political Decay

From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy

Francis Fukuyama

The book examines how states evolve through institutions, rule of law, and democratic accountability, and how they can deteriorate due to corruption, nepotism, and rigid bureaucracies. It explores the challenges of political decay in the context of global politics, from the Industrial Revolution to the complexities of contemporary democracy.

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Identity

The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment

Francis Fukuyama

The book explores the concept of identity politics, examining how the demand for recognition of one's dignity has become a central driver of political movements around the world. It discusses the consequences of this demand, including the rise of nationalism, the polarization of societies, and the challenges to liberal democracy.

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Liberalism and Its Discontents

Francis Fukuyama

The book presents a critical analysis of the current state of liberal democracy, examining its philosophical underpinnings and the challenges it faces from both the political left and right. It argues for a reinvigoration of classical liberalism to address issues like identity politics, economic inequality, and the erosion of social norms.

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Our Posthuman Future

Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution

Francis Fukuyama

The book explores the ethical, social, and political implications of advancements in biotechnology that could potentially alter human nature itself. It discusses the potential for genetic engineering to impact human rights, equality, and the very definition of what it means to be human.

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State Building

Governance and World Order in the 21st Century

Francis Fukuyama

The book explores the challenges and importance of creating strong state institutions that can support political and economic development in the modern world. It discusses the role of governance in global stability and the complexities involved in state-building efforts post-conflict or in weak nations.

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